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CFR > Title 21 - Food and Drugs > CHAPTER I—FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES > SUBCHAPTER B—FOOD FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION (parts 100 to 191) > PART 101—FOOD LABELING > SUBPART A—General Provisions (§101.1 to §101.18) > 101.12—Reference amounts customarily consumed per eating occasion.

CFR

101.12—Reference amounts customarily consumed per eating occasion.

(a) The general principles and factors that the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) considered in arriving at the reference amounts customarily consumed per eating occasion (reference amounts) which are set forth in paragraph (b) of this section, are that:
(1) FDA calculated the reference amounts for persons 4 years of age or older to reflect the amount of food customarily consumed per eating occasion by persons in this population group. These reference amounts are based on data set forth in appropriate national food consumption surveys.
(2) FDA calculated the reference amounts for an infant or child under 4 years of age to reflect the amount of food customarily consumed per eating occasion by infants up to 12 months of age or by children 1 through 3 years of age, respectively. These reference amounts are based on data set forth in appropriate national food consumption surveys. Such reference amounts are to be used only when the food is specially formulated or processed for use by an infant or by a child under 4 years of age.
(3) An appropriate national food consumption survey includes a large sample size representative of the demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of the relevant population group and must be based on consumption data under actual conditions of use.
(4) To determine the amount of food customarily consumed per eating occasion, FDA considered the mean, median, and mode of the consumed amount per eating occasion.
(5) When survey data were insufficient, FDA took various other sources of information on serving sizes of food into consideration. These other sources of information included:
(i) Serving sizes used in dietary guidance recommendations or recommended by other authoritative systems or organizations;
(ii) Serving sizes recommended in comments;
(iii) Serving sizes used by manufacturers and grocers; and
(iv) Serving sizes used by other countries.
(6) Because they reflect the amount customarily consumed, the reference amount and, in turn, the serving size declared on the product label are based on only the edible portion of food, and not bone, seed, shell, or other inedible components.
(7) The reference amount is based on the major intended use of the food (e.g., milk as a beverage and not as an addition to cereal).
(8) The reference amounts for products that are consumed as an ingredient of other foods, but that may also be consumed in the form in which they are purchased (e.g., butter), are based on use in the form purchased.
(9) FDA sought to ensure that foods that have similar dietary usage, product characteristics, and customarily consumed amounts have a uniform reference amount.
(b) The following reference amounts shall be used as the basis for determining serving sizes for specific products:
Table 1—Reference Amounts Customarily Consumed Per Eating Occasion: Infant and Toddler Foods 1,2,3,4
Product category Reference amount Label statement 5
Cereals, dry instant 15 g _ cup (_ g)
Cereals, prepared, ready-to-serve 110 g _ cup(s) (_ g)
Other cereal and grain products, dry ready-to-eat, e.g., ready-to-eat cereals, cookies, teething biscuits, and toasts 7 g for infants and 20 g for toddlers for ready-to-eat cereals; 7 g for all others _ cup(s) (_ g) for ready-to-eat cereals; _ piece(s) (_ g) for others
Dinners, desserts, fruits, vegetables or soups, dry mix 15 g _ tbsp(s) (_ g); _ cup(s) (_ g)
Dinners, desserts, fruits, vegetables or soups, ready-to-serve, junior type 110 g _ cup(s) (_ g); _ cup(s) (_ mL)
Dinners, desserts, fruits, vegetables or soups, ready-to-serve, strained type 60 g _ cup(s) (_ g); _ cup(s) (_ mL)
Dinners, stews or soups for toddlers, ready-to-serve 170 g _ cup(s) (_ g); _ cup(s) (_ mL)
Fruits for toddlers, ready-to-serve 125 g _ cup(s) (_ g)
Vegetables for toddlers, ready-to- serve 70 g _ cup(s) (_ g)
Eggs/egg yolks, ready-to-serve 55 g _ cup(s) (_ g)
Juices, all varieties 120 mL 4 fl oz (120 mL)
1 These values represent the amount of food customarily consumed per eating occasion and were primarily derived from the 1977-1978 and the 1987-1988 Nationwide Food Consumption Surveys conducted by the U.S. Department of Agriculture.
2 Unless otherwise noted in the Reference amount column, the reference amounts are for the ready-to-serve or almost ready-to-serve form of the product (i.e., heat and serve, brown and serve). If not listed separately, the reference amount for the unprepared form (e.g., dry cereal) is the amount required to make the reference amount of the prepared form. Prepared means prepared for consumption (e.g., cooked).
3 Manufacturers are required to convert the reference amount to the label serving size in a household measure most appropriate to their specific product using the procedures in 21 CFR 101.9(b) .
Code of Federal Regulations 48
4Copies of the list of products for each product category are available from the Office of Nutritional Products, Labeling and Dietary Supplements (HFS-800), Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, 5100 Paint Branch Pkwy., College Park, MD 20740.
5 The label statements are meant to provide guidance to manufacturers on the presentation of serving size information on the label, but they are not required. The term “piece” is used as a generic description of a discrete unit. Manufacturers should use the description of a unit that is most appropriate for the specific product (e.g., sandwich for sandwiches, cookie for cookies, and bar for frozen novelties).
Table 2—Reference Amounts Customarily Consumed Per Eating Occasion: General Food Supply 1,2,3,4
Product category Reference amount Label statement5
Bakery products:
Biscuits, croissants, bagels, tortillas, soft bread sticks, soft pretzels, corn bread, hush puppies 55 g _ piece(s) (_ g)
Breads (excluding sweet quick type), rolls 50 g _ piece(s) (_ g) for sliced bread and distinct pieces (e.g., rolls); 2 oz (56 g/_ inch slice) for unsliced bread
Bread sticks—see crackers
Toaster pastries—see coffee cakes
Brownies 40 g _ piece(s) (_ g) for distinct pieces; fractional slice (_ g) for bulk
Cakes, heavy weight (cheese cake; pineapple upside-down cake; fruit, nut, and vegetable cakes with more than or equal to 35 percent of the finished weight as fruit, nuts, or vegetables or any of these combined) 6 125 g _ piece(s) (_ g) for distinct pieces (e.g., sliced or individually packaged products); _ fractional slice (_ g) for large discrete units
Cakes, medium weight (chemically leavened cake with or without icing or filling except those classified as light weight cake; fruit, nut, and vegetable cake with less than 35 percent of the finished weight as fruit, nuts, or vegetables or any of these combined; light weight cake with icing; Boston cream pie; cupcake; eclair; cream puff) 7 80 g _ piece(s) (_ g) for distinct pieces (e.g., cupcake); _ fractional slice (_ g) for large discrete units
Cakes, light weight (angel food, chiffon, or sponge cake without icing or filling) 8 55 g _ piece(s) (_ g) for distinct pieces (e.g., sliced or individually packaged products); _ fractional slice (_ g) for large discrete units
Coffee cakes, crumb cakes, doughnuts, Danish, sweet rolls, sweet quick type breads, muffins, toaster pastries 55 g _ piece(s) (_ g) for sliced bread and distinct pieces (e.g., doughnut); 2 oz (56 g/visual unit of measure) for bulk products (e.g., unsliced bread)
Cookies 30 g _ piece(s) (_ g)
Crackers that are usually not used as snack, melba toast, hard bread sticks, ice cream cones 9 15 g _ piece(s) (_ g)
Crackers that are usually used as snacks 30 g _ piece(s) (_ g)
Croutons 7 g _ tbsp(s) (_ g); _ cup(s) (_ g); _ piece(s) (_ g) for large pieces
French toast, pancakes, variety mixes 110 g prepared for french toast and pancakes; 40 g dry mix for variety mixes _ piece(s) (_ g); _ cup(s) (_ g) for dry mix
Grain-based bars with or without filling or coating, e.g., breakfast bars, granola bars, rice cereal bars 40 g _ piece(s) (_ g)
Ice cream cones—see crackers
Pies, cobblers, fruit crisps, turnovers, other pastries 125 g _ piece(s) (_g) for distinct pieces; _ fractional slice (_ g) for large discrete units
Pie crust 1/6 of 8 inch crust; 1/8 of 9 inch crust 1/6 of 8 inch crust (_ g); 1/8 of 9 inch crust (_ g)
Pizza crust 55 g _ fractional slice (_ g)
Taco shells, hard 30 g _ shell(s) (_ g)
Waffles 85 g _ piece(s) (_ g)
Beverages:
Carbonated and noncarbonated beverages, wine coolers, water 240 mL 8 fl oz (240 mL)
Coffee or tea, flavored and sweetened 240 mL prepared 8 fl oz (240 mL)
Cereal and Other Grain Products:
Breakfast cereals (hot cereal type), hominy grits 1 cup prepared; 40 g plain dry cereal; 55 g flavored, sweetened dry cereal _ cup(s) (_ g)
Breakfast cereals, ready-to-eat, weighing less than 20 g per cup, e.g., plain puffed cereal grains 15 g _ cup(s) (_ g)
Breakfast cereals, ready-to-eat weighing 20 g or more but less than 43 g per cup; high fiber cereals containing 28 g or more of fiber per 100 g 30 g _ cup(s) (_ g)
Code of Federal Regulations 49
Breakfast cereals, ready-to-eat, weighing 43 g or more per cup; biscuit types 55 g _ piece(s) (_ g) for large distinct pieces (e.g., biscuit type);_ cup(s) (_ g) for all others
Bran or wheat germ 15 g _ tbsp(s) (_ g); _ cup(s) (_ g)
Flours or cornmeal 30 g _ tbsp(s) (_ g); _ cup(s) (_ g)
Grains, e.g., rice, barley, plain 140 g prepared; 45 g dry _ cup(s) (_ g)
Pastas, plain 140 g prepared; 55 g dry _ cup(s) (_ g); _ piece(s) (_ g) for large pieces (e.g., large shells or lasagna noodles) or 2 oz (56 g/visual unit of measure) for dry bulk products (e.g., spaghetti)
Pastas, dry, ready-to-eat, e.g., fried canned chow mein noodles 25 g _ cup(s) (_ g)
Starches, e.g., cornstarch, potato starch, tapioca, etc. 10 g _ tbsp (_ g)
Stuffing 100 g _ cup(s) (_ g)
Dairy Products and Substitutes:
Cheese, cottage 110 g _ cup (_ g)
Cheese used primarily as ingredients, e.g., dry cottage cheese, ricotta cheese 55 g _ cup (_ g)
Cheese, grated hard, e.g., Parmesan, Romano 5 g _ tbsp (_ g)
Cheese, all others except those listed as separate categories—includes cream cheese and cheese spread 30 g _ piece(s) (_ g) for distinct pieces;_ tbsp(s) (_ g) for cream cheese and cheese spread; 1 oz (28 g/visual unit of measure) for bulk
Cheese sauce—see sauce category
Cream or cream substitutes, fluid 15 mL 1 tbsp (15 mL)
Cream or cream substitutes, powder 2 g _ tsp (_ g)
Cream, half & half 30 mL 2 tbsp (30 mL)
Eggnog 120 mL 1/2 cup (120 mL); 4 fl oz (120 mL)
Milk, condensed, undiluted 30 mL 2 tbsp (30 mL)
Milk, evaporated, undiluted 30 mL 2 tbsp (30 mL)
Milk, milk-based drinks, e.g., instant breakfast, meal replacement, cocoa 240 mL 1 cup (240 mL); 8 fl oz (240 mL)
Shakes or shake substitutes, e.g., dairy shake mixes, fruit frost mixes 240 mL 1 cup (240 mL); 8 fl oz (240 mL)
Sour cream 30 g _ tbsp (_ g)
Yogurt 225 g _ cup (_ g)
Desserts:
Ice cream, ice milk, frozen yogurt, sherbet: all types, bulk and novelties (e.g., bars, sandwiches, cones) 1/2 cup-includes the volume for coatings and wafers for the novelty type varieties _ piece(s) (_ g) for individually wrapped or packaged products; 1/2 cup (_ g) for others
Frozen flavored and sweetened ice and pops, frozen fruit juices: all types, bulk and novelties (e.g., bars, cups) 85 g _ piece(s) (_ g) for individually wrapped or packaged products; _ cup(s) (_ g) for others
Sundae 1 cup 1 cup (_ g)
Custards, gelatin or pudding 1/2 cup _ piece(s) (_ g) for distinct unit (e.g., individually packaged products); 1/2 cup (_ g) for bulk
Dessert Toppings and Fillings:
Cake frostings or icings 35 g _ tbsp(s) (_ g)
Other dessert toppings, e.g., fruits, syrups, spreads, marshmallow cream, nuts, dairy and nondairy whipped toppings 2 tbsp 2 tbsp (_ g); 2 tbsp (30 mL)
Pie fillings 85 g _ cup(s) (_ g)
Egg and Egg Sustitutes:
Egg mixtures, e.g., egg foo young, scrambled eggs, omelets 110 g _ piece(s) (_ g) for discrete pieces; _ cup(s) (_ g)
Eggs (all sizes) 9 50 g 1 large, medium, etc. (_ g)
Egg substitutes An amount to make 1 large (50 g) egg _ cup(s) (_ g); _ cup(s) (_ mL)
Fats and Oils:
Butter, margarine, oil, shortening 1 tbsp 1 tbsp (_ g); 1 tbsp (15 mL)
Butter replacement, powder 2 g _ tsp(s) (_ g)
Dressings for salads 30 g _ tbsp (_ g); _ tbsp (_ mL)
Mayonnaise, sandwich spreads, mayonnaise-type dressings 15 g _ tbsp (_ g)
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Spray types 0.25 g About _ seconds spray (_ g)
Fish, Shellfish, Game Meats 10, and Meat or Poultry Substitutes:
Bacon substitutes, canned anchovies, 11 anchovy pastes, caviar 15 g _ piece(s) (_ g) for discrete pieces; _ tbsp(s) (_ g) for others
Dried, e.g., jerky 30 g _ piece(s) (_ g)
Entrees with sauce, e.g., fish with cream sauce, shrimp with lobster sauce 140 g cooked _ cup(s) (_ g); 5 oz (140 g/visual unit of measure) if not measurable by cup
Entrees without sauce, e.g., plain or fried fish and shellfish, fish and shellfish cake 85 g cooked; 110 g uncooked 12 _ piece(s) (_ g) for discrete pieces; _ cup(s) (_ g); _ oz (_ g/visual unit of measure) if not measurable by cup 13
Fish, shellfish or game meat 10, canned 11 55 g _ piece(s) (_ g) for discrete pieces; _ cup(s) (_ g); 2 oz (56 g/_ cup) for products that are difficult to measure the g weight of cup measure (e.g., tuna); 2 oz (56 g/_ pieces) for products that naturally vary in size (e.g., sardines)
Substitute for luncheon meat, meat spreads, Canadian bacon, sausages and frankfurters 55 g _ piece(s) (_ g) for distinct pieces (e.g., slices, links); _ cup(s) (_ g); 2 oz (56 g/visual unit of measure) for nondiscrete bulk product
Smoked or pickled 11 fish, shellfish, or game meat 10; fish or shellfish spread 55 g _ piece(s) (_ g) for distinct pieces (e.g., slices, links) or _ cup(s) (_ g); 2 oz (56 g/visual unit of measure) for nondiscrete bulk product
Substitutes for bacon bits—see miscellaneous category
Fruits and Fruit Juices:
Candied or pickled 11 30 g _ piece(s) (_ g)
Dehydrated fruits—see snacks category
Dried 40 g _ piece(s) (_ g) for large pieces (e.g., dates, figs, prunes); _ cup(s) (_ g) for small pieces (e.g., raisins)
Fruits for garnish or flavor, e.g., maraschino cherries 11 4 g 1 cherry (_ g)
Fruit relishes, e.g., cranberry sauce, cranberry relish 70 g _ cup(s) (_ g)
Fruits used primarily as ingredients, avocado 30 g See footnote 13
Fruits used primarily as ingredients, others (cranberries, lemon, lime) 55 g _ piece(s) (_ g) for large fruits; _ cup(s) (_ g) for small fruits measurable by cup 13
Watermelon 280 g See footnote 13
All other fruits (except those listed as separate categories), fresh, canned, or frozen 140 g _ piece(s) (_ g) for large pieces (e.g., strawberries, prunes, apricots, etc.); _ cup(s) (_ g) for small pieces (e.g., blueberries, raspberries, etc.) 13
Juices, nectars, fruit drinks 240 mL 8 fl oz (240 mL)
Juices used as ingredients, e.g., lemon juice, lime juice 5 mL 1 tsp (5 mL)
Legumes:
Bean cake (tofu) 11, tempeh 85 g _ piece(s) (_ g) for discrete pieces; 3 oz (84 g/visual unit of measure) for bulk products
Beans, plain or in sauce 130 g for beans in sauce or canned in liquid and refried beans prepared; 90 g for others prepared; 35 g dry _ cup (_ g)
Miscellaneous Category:
Baking powder, baking soda, pectin 0.6 g _ tsp ( _ g)
Baking decorations, e.g., colored sugars and sprinkles for cookies, cake decorations 1 tsp or 4 g if not measurable by teaspoon _ piece(s) (_ g) for discrete pieces; 1 tsp (_ g)
Batter mixes, bread crumbs 30 g _ tbsp(s) (_ g);_ cup(s) (_ g)
Cooking wine 30 mL 2 tbsp (30 mL)
Dietary supplements The maximum amount recommended, as appropriate, on the label for consumption per eating occasion, or, in the absence of recommendations, 1 unit, e.g., tablet, capsule, packet, teaspoonsful, etc. _ tablet(s), _ capsule(s), _ packet(s), _ tsp(s) (_ g), etc.
Code of Federal Regulations 51
Drink mixers (without alcohol) Amount to make 240 mL drink (without ice) _ fl oz (_ mL)
Chewing gum 9 3 g _ piece(s) (_ g)
Meat, poultry and fish coating mixes, dry; seasoning mixes, dry, e.g., chili seasoning mixes, pasta salad seasoning mixes Amount to make one reference amount of final dish _ tsp(s) (_ g); _ tbsp(s) (_ g)
Salad and potato toppers, e.g., salad crunchies, salad crispins, substitutes for bacon bits 7 g _ tbsp(s) (_ g)
Salt, salt substitutes, seasoning salts (e.g., garlic salt) 1/4 tsp 1/4 tsp ( _g); _piece(s) ( _g) for discrete pieces (e.g., individually packaged products)
Spices, herbs (other than dietary supplements) 1/4 tsp or 0.5 g if not measurable by teaspoon 1/4 tsp (_ g); _ piece(s) (_ g) if not measurable by teaspoons (e.g., bay leaf)
Mixed Dishes:
Measurable with cup, e.g., casseroles, hash, macaroni and cheese, pot pies, spaghetti with sauce, stews, etc. 1 cup 1 cup (_ g)
Not measurable with cup, e.g., burritos, egg rolls, enchiladas, pizza, pizza rolls, quiche, all types of sandwiches 140 g, add 55 g for products with gravy or sauce topping, e.g., enchilada with cheese sauce, crepe with white sauce 14 _ piece(s) (_ g) for discrete pieces; _ fractional slice (_ g) for large discrete units
Nuts and Seeds:
Nuts, seeds, and mixtures, all types: sliced, chopped, slivered, and whole 30 g _ piece(s) (_ g) for large pieces (e.g., unshelled nuts);_ tbsp(s) (_ g) ;_ cup(s) (_ g) for small pieces (e.g., peanuts, sunflower seeds)
Nut and seed butters, pastes, or creams 2 tbsp 2 tbsp (_ g)
Coconut, nut and seed flours 15 g _ tbsp(s) (_ g); _ cup (_ g)
Potatoes and Sweet Potatoes/Yams:
French fries, hash browns, skins, or pancakes 70 g prepared; 85 g for frozen unprepared french fries _ piece(s) (_ g) for large distinct pieces (e.g., patties, skins); 2.5 oz (70 g/_ pieces) for prepared fries; 3 oz (84 g/_ pieces) for unprepared fries
Mashed, candied, stuffed, or with sauce 140 g _ piece(s) (_ g) for discrete pieces (e.g., stuffed potato); _ cup(s) (_ g)
Plain, fresh, canned, or frozen 110 g for fresh or frozen; 125 g for vacuum packed; 160 g for canned in liquid _ piece(s) (_ g) for discrete pieces;_ cup(s) (_ g) for sliced or chopped products
Salads:
Gelatin salad 120 g _ cup (_ g)
Pasta or potato salad 140 g _ cup(s) (_ g)
All other salads, e.g., egg, fish, shellfish, bean, fruit, or vegetable salads 100 g _ cup(s) (_ g)
Sauces, Dips, Gravies and Condiments:
Barbecue sauce, hollandaise sauce, tartar sauce, other sauces for dipping (e.g., mustard sauce, sweet and sour sauce), all dips (e.g., bean dips, dairy-based dips, salsa) 2 tbsp 2 tbsp (_ g); 2 tbsp (30 mL)
Major main entree sauces, e.g., spaghetti sauce 125 g _ cup (_ g); _ cup (_ mL)
Minor main entree sauces (e.g., pizza sauce, pesto sauce), other sauces used as toppings (e.g., gravy, white sauce, cheese sauce), cocktail sauce 1/4 cup 1/4 cup (_ g); 1/4 cup (60 mL)
Code of Federal Regulations 52
Major condiments, e.g., catsup, steak sauce, soy sauce, vinegar, teriyaki sauce, marinades 1 tbsp 1 tbsp (_ g); 1 tbsp (15 mL)
Minor condiments, e.g., horseradish, hot sauces, mustards, worcestershire sauce 1 tsp 1 tsp (_ g); 1 tsp (5 mL)
Snacks:
All varieties, chips, pretzels, popcorns, extruded snacks, fruit- based snacks (e.g., fruit chips,) grain-based snack mixes 30 g _ cup(s) (_ g) for small pieces (e.g., popcorn) _ piece(s) (_ g) for large pieces (e.g., large pretzels; pressed dried fruit sheet); 1 oz (28 g/visual unit of measure) for bulk products (e.g., potato chips)
Soups:
All varieties 245 g _ cup (_ g); _ cup (_ mL)
Sugars and Sweets:
Baking candies (e.g., chips) 15 g _ piece(s) (_ g) for large pieces; _ tbsp(s) (_ g) for small pieces; 1/2 oz (14 g/visual unit of measure) for bulk products
Hard candies, breath mints 2 g _ piece(s) (_ g)
Hard candies, roll-type, mini-size in dispenser packages 5 g _ piece(s) (_ g)
Hard candies, others 15 g _ piece(s) (_ g) for large pieces;_ tbsp(s) (_ g) for “mini-size” candies measurable by tablespoon; 1/2 oz (14 g/visual unit of measure) for bulk products
All other candies 40 g _ piece(s) (_ g); 1 1/2 oz (42 g/visual unit of measure) for bulk products
Confectioner's sugar 30 g _ cup (_ g)
Honey, jams, jellies, fruit butter, molasses 1 tbsp 1 tbsp (_ g); 1 tbsp (15 mL)
Marshmallows 30 g _ cup(s) (_ g) for small pieces; _ piece(s) (_ g) for large pieces
Sugar 4 g _ tsp (_ g) ; _ piece(s) (_ g) for discrete pieces (e.g., sugar cubes, individually packaged products)
Sugar substitutes An amount equivalent to one reference amount for sugar in sweetness _ tsp(s) (_ g) for solids; _ drop(s) (_ g) for liquid; _ piece(s) (_ g) (e.g., individually packaged products)
Syrups 30 mL for syrups used primarily as an ingredient (e.g., light or dark corn syrup); 60 mL for all others 2 tbsp (30 mL) for syrups used primarily as an ingredient; 1/4 cup (60 mL) for all others
Vegetables:
Vegetables primarily used for garnish or flavor, e.g., pimento, parsley 4 g _ piece(s) (_ g); _ tbsp(s) (_ g) for chopped products
Chili pepper, green onion 30 g _ piece(s) (_ g) 13; _ tbsp(s) (_ g); _ cup(s) (_ g) for sliced or chopped products
All other vegetables without sauce: fresh, canned, or frozen 85 g for fresh or frozen; 95 g for vacuum packed; 130 g for canned in liquid, cream-style corn, canned or stewed tomatoes, pumpkin, or winter squash _ piece(s) (_ g) for large pieces (e.g., brussel sprouts); _ cup(s) (_ g) for small pieces (e.g., cut corn, green peas); 3 oz (84 g/visual unit of measure) if not measurable by cup 13
All other vegetables with sauce: fresh, canned, or frozen 110 g _ piece(s) (_ g) for large pieces (e.g., brussel sprouts); _ cup(s) (_ g) for small pieces (e.g., cut corn, green peas); 4 oz (112 g/visual unit of measure) if not measurable by cup
Vegetable juice 240 mL 8 fl oz (240 mL)
Olives 11 15 g _ piece(s) (_ g); _ tbsp(s) (_ g) for sliced products
Code of Federal Regulations 53
Pickles, all types 11 30 g 1 oz (28 g/visual unit of measure)
Pickle relishes 15 g _ tbsp (_ g)
Vegetable pastes, e.g., tomato paste 30 g _ tbsp (_ g)
Vegetable sauces or purees, e.g, tomato sauce, tomato puree 60 g _ cup (_ g); _ cup (_ mL)
1 These values represent the amount (edible portion) of food customarily consumed per eating occasion and were primarily derived from the 1977-1978 and the 1987-1988 Nationwide Food Consumption Surveys conducted by the U.S. Department of Argiculture.
2 Unless otherwise noted in the Reference Amount column, the reference amounts are for the ready-to-serve or almost ready-to-serve form of the product (i.e., heat and serve, brown and serve). If not listed separately, the reference amount for the unprepared form (e.g., dry mixes; concentrates; dough; batter; fresh and frozen pasta) is the amount required to make the reference amount of the prepared form. Prepared means prepared for consumption (e.g., cooked).
3 Manufacturers are required to convert the reference amount to the label serving size in a household measure most appropriate to their specific product using the procedures in 21 CFR 101.9(b) .
4 Copies of the list of products for each product category are available from the Office of Nutritional Products, Labeling and Dietary Supplements (HFS-800), Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, 5100 Paint Branch Pkwy., College Park, MD 20740.
5 The label statements are meant to provide guidance to manufacturers on the presentation of serving size information on the label, but they are not required. The term “piece” is used as a generic description of a discrete unit. Manufacturers should use the description of a unit that is most appropriate for the specific product (e.g., sandwich for sandwiches, cookie for cookies, and bar for ice cream bars). The guidance provided is for the label statement of products in ready-to-serve or almost ready-to-serve form. The guidance does not apply to the products which require further preparation for consumption (e.g., dry mixes, concentrates) unless specifically stated in the product category, reference amount, or label statement column that it is for these forms of the product. For products that require further preparation, manufacturers must determine the label statement following the rules in § 101.9(b) using the reference amount determined according to § 101.12(c) .
6 Includes cakes that weigh 10 g or more per cubic inch.
7 Includes cakes that weigh 4 g or more per cubic inch but less than 10 g per cubic inch.
8 Includes cakes that weigh less than 4 g per cubic inch.
9 Label serving size for ice cream cones and eggs of all sizes will be 1 unit. Label serving size of all chewing gums that weigh more than the reference amount that can reasonably be consumed at a single-eating occasion will be 1 unit.
10 Animal products not covered under the Federal Meat Inspection Act or the Poultry Products Inspection Act, such as flesh products from deer, bison, rabbit, quail, wild turkey, geese, ostrich, etc.
11 If packed or canned in liquid, the reference amount is for the drained solids, except for products in which both the solids and liquids are customarily consumed (e.g., canned chopped clam in juice).
12 The reference amount for the uncooked form does not apply to raw fish in § 101.45 or to single-ingredient products that consist of fish or game meat as provided for in § 101.9(b)(j)(11) .
13 For raw fruit, vegetables, and fish, manufacturers should follow the label statement for the serving size specified in Appendices A and B to the regulation entitled “Food Labeling; Guidelines for Voluntary Nutrition Labeling; and Identification of the 20 Most Frequently Consumed Raw Fruits, Vegetables, and Fish; Definition of Substantial Compliance; Correction” (56 FR 60880 as amended 57 FR 8174, March 6, 1992).
14 Pizza sauce is part of the pizza and is not considered to be sauce topping.
(c) If a product requires further preparation, e.g., cooking or the addition of water or other ingredients, and if paragraph (b) of this section provides a reference amount for the product in the prepared but not the unprepared form, then the reference amount for the unprepared product shall be determined using the following rules:
(1) Except as provided for in paragraph (c)(2) of this section, the reference amount for the unprepared product shall be the amount of the unprepared product required to make the reference amount for the prepared product as established in paragraph (b) of this section.
(2) For products where the entire contents of the package is used to prepare one large discrete unit usually divided for consumption, the reference amount for the unprepared product shall be the amount of the unprepared product required to make the fraction of the large discrete unit closest to the reference amount for the prepared product as established in paragraph (b) of this section.
(d) The reference amount for an imitation or substitute food or altered food, such as a “low calorie” version, shall be the same as for the food for which it is offered as a substitute.
(e) If a food is modified by incorporating air (aerated), and thereby the density of the food is lowered by 25 percent or more in weight than that of an appropriate reference regular food as described in § 101.13(j)(1)(ii)(A), and the reference amount of the regular food is in grams, the manufacturer may determine the reference amount of the aerated food by adjusting for the difference in density of the aerated food relative to the density of the appropriate reference food provided that the manufacturer will show FDA detailed protocol and records of all data that were used to determine the density-adjusted reference amount for the aerated food. The reference amount for the aerated food shall be rounded to the nearest 5-g increment. Such products shall bear a descriptive term indicating that extra air has been incorporated (e.g., whipped, aerated). The density-adjusted reference amounts described in paragraph (b) of this section may not be used for cakes except for cheese cake. The differences in the densities of different types of cakes having different degrees of air incorporation have already been taken into consideration in determining the reference amounts for cakes in § 101.12(b). In determining the difference in density of the aerated and the regular food, the manufacturer shall adhere to the following:
(1) The regular and the aerated product must be the same in size, shape, and volume. To compare the densities of products having nonsmooth surfaces (e.g., waffles), manufacturers shall use a device or method that ensures that the volumes of the regular and the aerated products are the same.
(2) Sample selections for the density measurements shall be done in accordance with the provisions in § 101.9(g).
(3)
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